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@article{ Klüver2021,
 title = {Incentives can spur COVID-19 vaccination uptake},
 author = {Klüver, Heike and Hartmann, Felix and Humphreys, Macartan and Geissler, Ferdinand and Giesecke, Johannes},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)},
 number = {36},
 volume = {118},
 year = {2021},
 issn = {1091-6490},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109543118},
 abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that vaccination hesitancy is too high in many countries to sustainably contain COVID-19. Using a factorial survey experiment administered to 20,500 online respondents in Germany, we assess the effectiveness of three strategies to increase vaccine uptake, namely, providing freedoms, financial remuneration, and vaccination at local doctors. Our results suggest that all three strategies can increase vaccination uptake on the order of two to three percentage points (PP) overall and five PP among the undecided. The combined effects could be as high as 13 PP for this group. The returns from different strategies vary across age groups, however, with older cohorts more responsive to local access and younger cohorts most responsive to enhanced freedoms for vaccinated citizens.},
 keywords = {Impfung; vaccination; Epidemie; epidemic; Infektionskrankheit; contagious disease; Anreizsystem; incentive system; Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Federal Republic of Germany; Sicherheit; security}}