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Are Citizens Credentialist or Post-Nationalists? A Fuzzy-Eco Apostle Model Applied to National Identity
[journal article]
Abstract The debate on national identity has been receiving more attention from academics, social planners, and the public in recent years. This study aims to analyse citizens' different national identity typologies using data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) in two waves: 2003 and 2013. T... view more
The debate on national identity has been receiving more attention from academics, social planners, and the public in recent years. This study aims to analyse citizens' different national identity typologies using data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) in two waves: 2003 and 2013. The study is based on 10 countries for which the dimensions of the national identity construct are first examined through multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). Then, a fuzzy hybrid approach is used to obtain two synthetic indicators for each dimension of national identity, namely ethnic and civic orientations. Then, a fuzzy clustering analysis is used to extend the Classical Apostle Model, obtaining 16 different national identity categories that expand the four Apostle categories denominated as credentialists, post-nationalists, ethnic-oriented and civic-oriented. The study ends by applying the Binary Probit Model to analyse whether some socioeconomic characteristics can partly explain the four pure national identity categories. Our results show that people seem to be increasingly credentialists. Furthermore, the civic-ethnic dichotomy of France-Germany is no longer confirmed, as Germans appear to be included in the civic-oriented national identity group.... view less
Keywords
national identity; identity; citizen
Classification
Social Psychology
Free Keywords
ethnic identity; civic identity; credentialists; post-nationalists; fuzzy clustering analysis; extended eco apostle model; ISSP 2003; ISSP 2013
Document language
English
Publication Year
2022
Page/Pages
p. 1-21
Journal
Mathematics, 10 (2022) 12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/math10121978
ISSN
1475-4991
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed