Municipal Solid Waste Management in Russia: Protest, Policy, and Politics

Abstract

Russia has a garbage problem. Poor management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has led to significant and sustained public protests in recent years in response to the expansion of landfill sites, poor environmental quality, and public health concerns. This article examines current policy reforms in the MSW sphere that have emerged in response to the crisis: the so-called "rubbish reforms." It argues that despite strong policy activity, the scope of the reforms is limited and focused on attracting private-sector investment rather than addressing broader issues around recycling and sustainable consumption. The implementation of these policies also raises serious concerns about both the capacity of regional governments to enact reforms and the transparency of decision-making.