Russian Information Warfare: Policy Recommendations

Abstract

This final article on Russian information warfare presents policy recommendations that can be adopted to combat and respond to information warfare. Each case study exhibits unique circumstances that illuminate potential policy options for counteracting Russian disinformation campaigns. After analyzing both the successes and failures in each case study, the following policy recommendations emerged: transparency, preemptive information-sharing, media literacy campaigns, private-sector engagement, and multilateral cooperation. These policy recommendations provide a broad framework for all countries facing a similar threat.