Adaptive Russian Information Warfare in Ukraine

Abstract

Information warfare is a key component of Russia's national security strategy and has impacted the United States, Europe, and - perhaps most notably - Ukraine. Ukraine has been on the front lines of Russia's information war for a decade, with Russia using both traditional mass media and social media to create divisions within the country and justify war. Ukrainian responses have involved limitations and bans on Russian mass media, attempts to expose Russian misinformation, and information campaigns of its own. These policy responses have forced Russian tools to adapt and have limited the audience of Russian information warfare.