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dc.contributor.authorWoertz, Eckartde
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-04T13:08:01Z
dc.date.available2023-04-04T13:08:01Z
dc.date.issued2023de
dc.identifier.issn1862-3611de
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/86041
dc.description.abstractTwo decades after the US invasion of Iraq, the civil war of the years that followed and the ravages of the Islamic State have faded into the background. Yet the country remains shaken by internal cleavages, torn apart by corruption, and vulnerable to influence operations by external actors. Overcoming economic crisis and infrastructural shortcomings could contribute to greater political stability. Oil production has doubled over the past two decades. The historical underdevelopment of the Iraqi oil sector has been reversed, yet the federal oil law has been contested between Baghdad and Erbil. Natural gas production has grown in recent years as well, but still falls short of providing enough energy to the power grid. The country is a net importer of natural gas, relying on supplies from Iran. Oil remains paramount for the Iraqi state, its budget, exports, and its economy. Heavy industries like fertilisers and petrochemicals could enhance the value chain of Iraq's primary resources that include the second-largest phosphate reserves worldwide. Population growth in Iraq is still high. Beyond hydrocarbons, economic diversification in other areas is urgently needed. This could include alternative energies, light industries, education, services, water management, and a reorientation of agriculture. Iraq ranks 157 out of 180 in the Corruption Perception Index of Transparency International. Its consociational muhasasa system, which allocates power along sectarian lines, is abetting such corruption and thus requires reform. Iraq can be a vital partner for European energy cooperation and not only in hydrocarbons, but competition from China is stiff. Europe is already eyeing collaboration with Middle East and North Africa countries on the production of green hydrogen. Interconnectors of electricity grids within and beyond the region as well as storage solutions are needed to increase the share of renewables involved in power generation.de
dc.languageende
dc.subject.ddcPolitikwissenschaftde
dc.subject.ddcPolitical scienceen
dc.titleIraq 20 Years after the US Invasion: Challenges and Continuityde
dc.description.reviewbegutachtetde
dc.description.reviewrevieweden
dc.source.volume1de
dc.publisher.countryDEUde
dc.publisher.cityHamburgde
dc.source.seriesGIGA Focus Nahost
dc.subject.classozFriedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitikde
dc.subject.classozPeace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policyen
dc.subject.thesozIrakde
dc.subject.thesozIraqen
dc.subject.thesozUSAde
dc.subject.thesozUnited States of Americaen
dc.subject.thesozKriegde
dc.subject.thesozwaren
dc.subject.thesozNachkriegszeitde
dc.subject.thesozpost-war perioden
dc.subject.thesozNachkriegsgesellschaftde
dc.subject.thesozpost-war societyen
dc.subject.thesozIslamismusde
dc.subject.thesozislamismen
dc.subject.thesozErdölde
dc.subject.thesozcrude oilen
dc.subject.thesozEnergiepolitikde
dc.subject.thesozenergy policyen
dc.subject.thesozWirtschaftde
dc.subject.thesozeconomyen
dc.subject.thesozEnergiewirtschaftde
dc.subject.thesozenergy industryen
dc.subject.thesozBevölkerungsentwicklungde
dc.subject.thesozpopulation developmenten
dc.subject.thesozerneuerbare Energiede
dc.subject.thesozrenewable energyen
dc.subject.thesozinternationale Beziehungende
dc.subject.thesozinternational relationsen
dc.subject.thesozKorruptionde
dc.subject.thesozcorruptionen
dc.subject.thesozinternationaler Wettbewerbde
dc.subject.thesozinternational competitionen
dc.subject.thesozEuropade
dc.subject.thesozEuropeen
dc.subject.thesozChinade
dc.subject.thesozChinaen
dc.subject.thesozNahostde
dc.subject.thesozMiddle Easten
dc.subject.thesozarabische Länderde
dc.subject.thesozArab countriesen
dc.identifier.urnurn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-86041-7
dc.rights.licenceCreative Commons - Namensnennung, Keine Bearbeitung 3.0de
dc.rights.licenceCreative Commons - Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0en
ssoar.contributor.institutionGIGAde
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dc.source.pageinfo9de
internal.identifier.classoz10507
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dc.contributor.corporateeditorGerman Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) - Leibniz-Institut für Globale und Regionale Studien, Institut für Nahost-Studien
internal.identifier.corporateeditor1216
internal.identifier.ddc320
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.57671/gfme-23012de
dc.description.pubstatusVeröffentlichungsversionde
dc.description.pubstatusPublished Versionen
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