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%T How to Optimize Online Mixed-Device Surveys: The Effects of a Messenger Survey, Answer Scales, Devices and Personal Characteristics %A Menken, Caroline Marjanne %A Toepoel, Vera %J Methods, data, analyses : a journal for quantitative methods and survey methodology (mda) %N 1 %P 47-70 %V 17 %D 2023 %K Mixed-device survey; messenger; answer scale; mobile friendly %@ 2190-4936 %X The goal of this research was to determine the best way to present mixed-device surveys. We investigate the effect of survey method (messenger versus regular survey), answer scale, device used, and personal characteristics such as gender, age and education on break-off rate, substantive answers, completion time and respondents' evaluation of the survey. Our research does not suggest that a messenger survey affects mixed-device surveys positively. Further research is necessary to investigate how to optimally present mixed-device surveys in order to increase participation and data quality. %C DEU %G en %9 Zeitschriftenartikel %W GESIS - http://www.gesis.org %~ SSOAR - http://www.ssoar.info