Re-envisioning Citizen Diplomacy: A Case Study of a Multifaceted, Transnational, People's Republic of China "Ethnopreneur"

Abstract

This article problematises the traditional conceptualisation of the "citizen diplomat" as being confined only to a single nation state sovereignty. At the nexus of transnational "ethnopreneurship", dual embeddedness, neoliberalism, and post-materialism, citizen diplomats transcend territorially bound identities and perform unofficial dual-accredited roles in the enhancement of bilateral relationships. The protagonist in this case is a transnational People’s Republic of China ethnopreneur who adopts multiple forms of cultural commodification based on both Thai and Chinese resources. As a result, both territories have benefitted from the ensuing informal diplomatic interactions. Traversing the culturally distinctive city of Chiang Mai in Thailand and several flourishing cities in China, the article elucidates the importance of non-traditional diplomats. Put succinctly, it argues for a re-envisioning of transnational ethnopreneurial diplomacy so as to recognise multiple identities, cultures, and markets wherein positive-sum diplomatic returns are achieved. From an intra-Asian perspective, it seeks to remedy a scarcity in the literature - given that existing migrant studies are largely set in North American and European contexts.