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%T How Do Changes in Gender Role Attitudes Towards Female Employment Influence Fertility? A Macro-Level Analysis %A Arpino, Bruno %A Esping-Andersen, Gøsta %A Pessin, Léa %J European Sociological Review %N 3 %P 370-382 %V 31 %D 2015 %K World Values Survey (WVS); European Values Study (EVS) %@ 1468-2672 %~ FDB %> https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-77158-2 %X This study explores whether the diffusion of gender-equitable attitudes towards female employment is associated with fertility. We argue that any positive effect on fertility requires not only high levels of gender-equitable attitudes overall, but also attitude convergence between men and women. We analyse 27 countries using data from the World Values Surveys and European Values Studies. We find support for a U-shaped relationship between changes in gender role attitudes and fertility: an initial drop in fertility is observed as countries move from a traditional to a more gender-symmetric model. Beyond a certain threshold, additional increases in gender egalitarianism become positively associated with fertility. This curvi-linear relationship is moderated by the difference in attitudes between men and women: when there is more agreement, changes are more rapid and the effect of gender egalitarian attitudes on fertility strengthens. %C GBR %G en %9 Zeitschriftenartikel %W GESIS - http://www.gesis.org %~ SSOAR - http://www.ssoar.info