Prolegômenos da teologia natural em Tomás de Aquino: a possibilidade de um conhecimento racional de Deus

Abstract

This article aims to rescue the principles of Natural Theology in the thinking of Thomas Aquinas regarding the possibility of a rational knowledge of God. Thomas, influenced by Aristotle's philosophy, will claim that for the reason he can arrive at the certainty of the existence of God. Certainty that is evident, but that needs to be demonstrated. To this end, it elaborates five ways, called evidence, to prove the existence of divinity, always based on the assumption that all rational knowledge has its origin in experience. All the work of Thomas Aquinas has a continuity in contemporary philosophy, being studied and developed by several authors who give form to the Thomist movement, particularly in dialogue with other sciences.