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Sektor energetyczny w wybranych państwach UE na przykładzie Austrii, Niemiec, Polski i Szwecji - stan i perspektywy rozwoju
The Energy Sector in Selected EU Member States on the Example of Austria, Germany, Poland and Sweden - Current Status and Development Perspectives
[journal article]
Abstract The European Union undertakes numerous activities to implement a common energy policy for all Member States. However, since the countries in question have different energy resources, geographical location and terrain, unification of national policies at EU level is a particularly
arduous and diffic... view more
The European Union undertakes numerous activities to implement a common energy policy for all Member States. However, since the countries in question have different energy resources, geographical location and terrain, unification of national policies at EU level is a particularly
arduous and difficult process. This article focuses on the analysis of energy sectors in Austria, Germany, Poland and Sweden. These countries were chosen because they offer considerable diversity, having different energy resources, geographical location, climatic conditions, as well as a different genesis of shaping their energy policy over the years. The analysis showed that the energy sectors in Poland, Germany, Austria and Sweden operate completely differently and rely on different energy resources. In Sweden, electricity mainly comes from hydropower and
nuclear energy, while energy from coal is not produced at all. In Austria, coal is also not extracted, and the production of electricity is based mainly on renewable sources, and above all on hydropower. Germany is one of the countries with the highest level of coal mining in
the world, therefore electricity is obtained mainly from this source, butalso from nuclear energy and increasingly from renewable sources, mainly wind, biofuel and solar energy. Poland is among the world’s leading producers of coal, and obtaining electricity from this source accounts for as much as 80% in Poland; the rest comes from renewable sources, mainly
wind energy, then biofuels, hydro energy and natural gas.... view less
Keywords
EU; energy policy; renewable energy; coal; energy industry; Austria; Poland; Sweden; Federal Republic of Germany
Classification
Economic Sectors
Special areas of Departmental Policy
Free Keywords
Energy Balance
Document language
Polish
Publication Year
2020
Page/Pages
p. 67-82
Journal
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs, 24 (2020) 1
ISSN
1428-149X
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed
Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0