Mehrfach:Nutzen - Mehrfachnutzung und Space Sharing als Strategie zur nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung

Abstract

Mehrfachnutzung bzw. Space Sharing bezeichnet die Inanspruchnahme eines Raumes durch verschiedene Nutzungen oder verschiedene Nutzer; eine besondere Rolle spielen dabei zeitliche Muster. In der modernen europäischen Stadt hat sich unter dem Einfluss von gestiegener Mobilität, Wohlstand und dem langlebigen Leitbild der Funktionstrennung eine stark exklusiv und monofunktional genutzte Raumstruktur entwickelt. Neben unbestreitbaren Vorteilen wie der Konfliktminderung werden aber unter den Aspekten der Ressourcenschonung, der Teilhabe oder eben der Zeitgerechtigkeit auch ihre Nachteile immer deutlicher erkennbar. Der Beitrag beleuchtet etablierte und neue Beispiele von Mehrfachnutzungen, schlägt eine Systematisierung vor und lotet ihre Potenziale, Hemmnisse, Chancen und Risiken aus. Ihre weitere Anwendung kann Beiträge zu einer nachhaltigen und zeitgerechten Stadtentwicklung liefern.

Influenced by increases in mobility, wealth and the long-lived guiding principle of functional segregation, developments in the modern European city have led to the strongly exclusive and mono-functional utilisation of spatial structures. Despite undisputed advantages, like the minimising of conflict, the disadvantages of this are becoming increasingly obvious, for instance regarding to resource conservation, participation and, indeed, time justice. Against the background of current social, economic and technical change, there is at the same time a clear trend towards a quantitative and qualitative expansion of multiple use. Multiple use or space sharing refers here to the employment of a space by different uses or users. The systemisation of the concept, which has been subject to little research to date, demonstrates different patterns of multiple use; temporal patterns play a particular role here. Urban development policy and spatial sciences should engage more strongly with the phenomenon because, on the one hand, multiple use can potentially support sustainable urban development and, on the other hand, closer examination reveals dangers and risks. It is presumed that positive effects are found especially in the social sphere, while economic effects seem ambivalent, and hopes associated with the ecological sphere may not all be fulfilled due to rebound effects. Important in this context are the concrete conditions of multiple use and the negotiation mechanisms, which could be further investigated from an institutional-economic perspective. The public management of multiple use through supply, regulation or institutional support seems reasonable. This may regard very different spaces and functions but should consider and evaluate all effects. The article sheds light on established and new examples of multiple use, proposes a systemisation, and explores the associated potentials, obstacles, opportunities and risks. As a spatial-temporal strategy, the considered promotion of multiple use can contribute towards sustainability and temporal justice in the city.