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Institutional change and gender inequalities at labour market entry: a comparison of Estonia, Russia, and East and West Germany
[Zeitschriftenartikel]
Abstract Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these ... mehr
Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these countries after the collapse of communism. Empirically, we explore the gender gap in job authority upon labour market entry by using life-history data from Russia, Estonia, and East Germany, with West Germany serving as a control case. The selection of countries was motivated primarily by the availability of rich life-history data, covering four decades of (post-) state socialism but also by divergences in institutional set-ups in the course of transition from state socialism to a liberalised market economy. Our findings yield four major results. First, accounting for education and the branch of economy, women were not disadvantaged during Soviet times; instead, we have even found evidence of a slight female advantage in Estonia and East Germany. Thus, our findings mirror the communist regime's effectiveness in equalising women's and men's opportunities at work. Second, in the pre-collapse decade, the advantage of women in terms of job authority decreased in East Germany and Estonia, whereas in Russia, women fell behind men. Third, with the Soviet Union collapse, a remarkable female disadvantage emerged in all formerly state socialist countries under scrutiny. In addition, we observe a growing gender gap in West Germany in the same period. The latter result strengthens the conclusion that times of economic liberalisation may go hand-in-hand with increasing gender inequalities.... weniger
Thesaurusschlagwörter
Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Übergangsgesellschaft; Russland; Estland; Geschlecht; institutioneller Wandel; vergleichende Forschung; Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsamt; Benachteiligung; postkommunistische Gesellschaft; Geschlechterverhältnis; Ungleichheit
Klassifikation
Soziologie von Gesamtgesellschaften
Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Arbeitsmarktforschung
Freie Schlagwörter
Gender inequality; job authority; labour market entry
Sprache Dokument
Englisch
Publikationsjahr
2017
Seitenangabe
S. 17-40
Zeitschriftentitel
Studies of Transition States and Societies, 9 (2017) 2
ISSN
1736-8758
Status
Veröffentlichungsversion; begutachtet (peer reviewed)