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Vom Export der Sozialen Frage zur importierten Sozialen Frage: Deutschland im transnationalen Wanderungsgeschehen seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts [1984/1985]
From exporting to importing social problems: transnational migration in Germany since the mid-nineteenth century
[journal article]
Abstract In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Germans abroad and foreigners in Germany have experienced the most various forms of emigration and immigration: the older German emigration to eastern and south-east Europe, especially to Russia and Austria-Hungary; the transatlantic mass emigration from ni... view more
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Germans abroad and foreigners in Germany have experienced the most various forms of emigration and immigration: the older German emigration to eastern and south-east Europe, especially to Russia and Austria-Hungary; the transatlantic mass emigration from nineteenth-century Germany; the mass movement of foreign migrant workers, especially from Congress Poland and Austrian Galicia, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; forced labor by foreign workers ('Fremdarbeiter') in Nazi Germany; emigration from Nazi Germany on political, ideological, and racial grounds; forced resettlement in German-occupied Europe during World War II; movements of millions of expellees and refugees at the end of the war and in its aftermath; the admission of foreigners seeking political asylum; finally, the enlistment of millions of 'guest workers,' beginning in the mid-1950s and increasing massively after the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Many of these foreigners on the labor market changed from highly mobile migrant workers into true immigrants, thus confronting Germany with challenges that recall of the experiences of nineteenth-century German immigrants abroad, nearly forgotten in German collective memory.... view less
Keywords
labor migration; integration; alien; emigration; historical analysis; Federal Republic of Germany; immigration policy; manpower; willingness to integrate; social issue; alien policy; immigration country; migration policy; emigration (polit. or relig. reasons); foreign worker; immigration; twentieth century; nineteenth century
Classification
Social History, Historical Social Research
Migration, Sociology of Migration
Free Keywords
immigration; forced migration; integration past and present
Document language
German
Publication Year
2018
Page/Pages
p. 165-205
Journal
Historical Social Research, Supplement (2018) 30
Issue topic
Historische Migrationsforschung / Historical Migration Research
DOI
https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.suppl.30.2018.165-205
ISSN
0936-6784
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed