Hemodialysis treatment-related chronic complications in hypertensive people: integrative review

Abstract

Objective: To identify and analyze the main hemodialysis treatment-related chronic complications in hypertensive patients, as well as the prevention strategies. Method: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the VHL, BDENF, MEDLINE and SCIELO databases, by using the descriptors Kidney Failure, chronic, Hypertension, Hemodialysis, Cardiovascular diseases. Results: The main complications identified were: left ventricular hypertrophy (67,8%), heart failure (20,7%), heart arrhythmias (36,3%) and coronary artery disease (33,4%). Other factors also influence in these complications, namely: anemia, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias and the hydroelectrolytic changes. The appropriate monitoring of the blood pressure, the increased duration or frequency of the hemodialysis sessions, the use of antihypertensive and the early intervention in the modifiable risk factors are measures that control the evolution of these complications. Conclusion: The High Blood Pressure is the main risk factor of the cardiovascular complications and a chronic state of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment.