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Kardinální problém Rakousko-Uherska za Velké války 1914–1918: Lidský potenciál na frontě a v zázemí
The Main Problem facing Austria-Hungary during the Great War 1914-1918: Manpower on the Battlefield and in the Hinterland
[Zeitschriftenartikel]
Abstract According to the 1867 constitution the Habsburg Monarchy’s armed forces consisted
of the common army, the navy, the Austrian Landwehr and the Landsturm. The armed forces
had authority over three ministries and were themselves subject to the rule of three parliamentary
institutions. From the begin... mehr
According to the 1867 constitution the Habsburg Monarchy’s armed forces consisted
of the common army, the navy, the Austrian Landwehr and the Landsturm. The armed forces
had authority over three ministries and were themselves subject to the rule of three parliamentary
institutions. From the beginning the growth of the armed forces had not kept pace
with that of the population as a whole. There was a low volume of conscripts and poor training
of reservists. This resulted in a relatively small army both in peace time and during war and
meant that by the spring of 1918 Austria-Hungary had practically exhausted its available human
resources. This was exacerbated by the high number of losses, both through death and capture.
On the battlefield the number of deaths is thought to have been between 905,000 and 1,200,000
with 1.8 million injured. At the same time the number of deaths and illness in the hinterland
increased while the rate of fertility dropped. In order to resolve this the government applied
a number of measures: the upper age limit of conscription increased, the necessary standards
for recruitment were lowered, training period was shortened, more use of weapons, factory
workers were replaced with women, prisoners of war and workers from the occupied territories.
However at this time the importance of the “war economy” was also growing which resulted in
an increase in firms requesting the release of their employees from military service. In 1918 the
Habsburg Monarchy had not only exhausted its human resources but was also on the brink of
economic collapse.... weniger
Thesaurusschlagwörter
Erster Weltkrieg; Militär; Österreich-Ungarn
Klassifikation
allgemeine Geschichte
Sprache Dokument
Tschechisch
Publikationsjahr
2014
Seitenangabe
S. 93-113
Zeitschriftentitel
Historická sociologie / Historical Sociology (2014) 2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2014.6
ISSN
1804-0616
Status
Veröffentlichungsversion; begutachtet (peer reviewed)
Lizenz
Creative Commons - Namensnennung, Nicht kommerz., Keine Bearbeitung