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Interpreting Ambiguous Stimuli: Separating Perceptual and Judgmental Biases
[journal article]
Abstract Interpreting ambiguous situations is not a purely data-driven process but can be biased towards positive interpretations by top-down influences. The present study tries to identify the underlying processes of these top-down influences. There are two separable types of processes that can be influence... view more
Interpreting ambiguous situations is not a purely data-driven process but can be biased towards positive interpretations by top-down influences. The present study tries to identify the underlying processes of these top-down influences. There are two separable types of processes that can be influenced by motivational biases: A perceptual bias affects information uptake whereas a judgmental bias affects acceptance criteria for positive and negative outcomes. In the present study, motivated influences on perception and judgment were investigated with a simple color discrimination task in which ambiguous stimuli had to be classified according to their dominating color. One of two colors indicated a financial gain or a loss, whereas a third color was neutral. To separate perceptual and judgmental biases, Ratcliff’s (1978) diffusion model was employed. Results revealed motivational influences on perception and judgment.... view less
Classification
General Psychology
Free Keywords
Perceptual bias; Motivated cognition; Top down influences; Attention; Diffusion model; Fast-dm
Document language
English
Publication Year
2008
Page/Pages
p. 1048-1056
Journal
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44 (2008) 4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.009
Status
Postprint; peer reviewed
Licence
PEER Licence Agreement (applicable only to documents from PEER project)