Endnote export
%T The spend-and-tax or tax-and-spend: further evidence for the Brazilian imperial period %A Zanella, Fernando %J Historical Social Research %N 4 %P 255-263 %V 33 %D 2008 %@ 0172-6404 %= 2010-10-12T11:39:00Z %~ GESIS %> https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-191649 %X 'This article tests the flows of rents during the Brazilian Imperial period. To achieve this goal, a Vector of Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed to test long-run and short-run relationships between government revenues and expenditures. The VECM was applied for the entire imperial period with data available (1836-1889) and for the period after the Law Alves Branco (1844-1889), which more than doubled tariffs on imports. A trivariate causality test fails to show a casual relationship among the variables in any direction, regardless of the period tested. When the augmented granger causality test is employed for the entire period, results show a unidirectional causality from government expenditures to revenues, a spend-to-tax model, and a bi-causality relationship for the 1844-1889 period.' (author's abstract)| %C DEU %G en %9 journal article %W GESIS - http://www.gesis.org %~ SSOAR - http://www.ssoar.info