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Analyzing the Gender Gap in Poland and Italy, and by Regions
[journal article]
Abstract High-income inequality, accompanied by substantial regional differentiation, is still a great challenge for social policymakers in many European countries. One of the important elements of this phenomenon is the inequality between income distributions of men and women. Using data from the European U... view more
High-income inequality, accompanied by substantial regional differentiation, is still a great challenge for social policymakers in many European countries. One of the important elements of this phenomenon is the inequality between income distributions of men and women. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the distributions of income for Italy and Poland were compared, and the gender gap in these countries was assessed. No single metric can capture the full range of experiences, so a set of selected tools were adopted. The Dagum model was fitted to each distribution, summary measures, like the Gini and Zenga inequality indices, were evaluated, and the Zenga curve was employed to detect changes at each income quantile. Afterward, empirical distributions were compared through a relative approach, providing an analytic picture of the gender gap for both countries. The analysis moved beyond the typical focus on average or median earnings differences, towards a focus on how the full distribution of women’s earnings relative to men’s compares. The analysis was performed in the different macroregions of the two countries, with a discussion of the results. The study revealed that income inequality in Poland and Italy varies across gender and regions. In Italy, the highest inequality was observed in the poorest region, i.e. the islands. On the contrary, in Poland, the highest inequality occurred in the richest region, the central one. The relative distribution method was a powerful tool for studying the gender gap.... view less
Keywords
Italy; Poland; EU; gender relations; difference in income; inequality; regional factors; social policy
Classification
Women's Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies
Social Policy
Free Keywords
gender gap; Gini index; New Zenga index; relative distribution method; Dagum; European Union Statistics on income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2015
Document language
English
Publication Year
2020
Page/Pages
p. 433-447
Journal
International Advances in Economic Research, 26 (2020) 4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-020-09810-3
ISSN
1573-966X
Status
Published Version; peer reviewed