Xinjiang's New Counties: Strategic Expansion or Diplomatic Chess Move?

Abstract

On December 27, 2024, China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) announced the creation of two new counties: He'an County and Hekang County, both under the jurisdiction of Hotan Prefecture in the southern part of the region. According to official statements, the county seat of He'an is located in Hongliu Township, while Hekang's administrative center is in Xeyidula Township. Establishing these new counties seems to be part of China's ongoing administrative restructuring to improve governance and development in the vast and diverse Xinjiang region; however, concerns remain over increased surveillance and tighter control over the Uyghur population. On the other hand, this initiative could have a couple of additional angles, including significant mineral resources and strategic military importance.